事実？　意見？　それともAI？

Vocabulary Check

1. In the passage, "inference" is closest in meaning to —

   1. a fact confirmed by an eyewitness
   2. a conclusion reached through reasoning, not direct observation
   3. an official government statement
   4. a question with no clear answer
   答えを見る

   正解：B．a conclusion reached through reasoning, not direct observation

2. As used in the passage, "witnessed" means —

   1. reported secondhand
   2. predicted in advance
   3. seen directly, in person
   4. written about in detail
   答えを見る

   正解：C．seen directly, in person

3. "...rarely signals which sentence is..." — here, "signals" is closest to —

   1. hides
   2. indicates clearly
   3. argues against
   4. repeats
   答えを見る

   正解：B．indicates clearly

4. "The policy took effect on Monday" means the policy —

   1. had an emotional impact on Monday
   2. became legally active on Monday
   3. was cancelled on Monday
   4. was widely criticized on Monday
   答えを見る

   正解：B．became legally active on Monday

5. This sentence is closest in meaning to —

   1. Sounding certain does not mean something is true.
   2. Confidence always indicates accuracy.
   3. Tone of voice can't be measured.
   4. AI is always more confident than humans.
   答えを見る

   正解：A．Sounding certain does not mean something is true.

6. "...the model's best guess dressed up in fluent prose" — here, "dressed up in" is closest to —

   1. translated into another language
   2. presented in a polished, convincing form
   3. deleted from the final draft
   4. checked by a professional editor
   答えを見る

   正解：B．presented in a polished, convincing form

7. "If a second source cannot confirm it" — here, "confirm" is closest to —

   1. explain in more detail
   2. verify that something is true
   3. strongly disagree with
   4. translate into simpler words
   答えを見る

   正解：B．verify that something is true

Comprehension

1. According to the passage, what is the actual "problem" with AI-generated summaries?

   1. They are usually factually incorrect.
   2. They present facts and inferences in the same confident tone.
   3. They take too long to generate.
   4. They cannot summarize breaking news.
   答えを見る

   正解：B．They present facts and inferences in the same confident tone.

   本文は「AIの要約は間違っている」とは一度も言っていない。問題は正確さではなく、事実と推論が同じ調子で語られ、区別できなくなることだと明示されている（第2段落）。

2. According to the passage, what is the difference between the treaty date and the chatbot's explanation of why the losing side agreed to it?

   1. Both are equally verifiable facts.
   2. The date is a verifiable fact, while the explanation is a common interpretation stated in the same confident tone.
   3. The date is disputed among historians, but the explanation is not.
   4. Neither can be checked against a textbook.
   答えを見る

   正解：B．The date is a verifiable fact, while the explanation is a common interpretation stated in the same confident tone.

   追加した第3段落の要点。条約が結ばれた日付は教科書で確認できる事実だが、「なぜ負けた側が合意したか」という理由づけは、歴史家の間でよくある解釈の1つに過ぎない。それでも同じ自信ありげな調子で語られる、という点が本文の指摘。

3. What does the writer mean by "which part of this could I actually check myself?"

   1. A call to distrust AI completely.
   2. A call to verify claims against something independently confirmable.
   3. A rhetorical question with no real answer.
   4. A suggestion that only experts can judge AI output.
   答えを見る

   正解：B．A call to verify claims against something independently confirmable.

   直前の文で「confident tone was never proof」と述べたうえでの問いかけ。「もっともらしく聞こえるか」ではなく「自分で裏を取れる部分はどこか」を基準にせよ、という具体的な行動の提案として読む。

4. Which statement would the writer most likely agree with?

   1. AI summaries should not be used at all.
   2. A calm, certain-sounding text is not automatically trustworthy.
   3. Only human-written news can be trusted.
   4. Inference is more valuable than fact.
   答えを見る

   正解：B．A calm, certain-sounding text is not automatically trustworthy.

   第3段落冒頭で「None of this makes AI summaries useless」と明言しており、(A)(C)のような全否定はしていない。一貫して主張しているのは「口調の自信と正しさは別物」という(B)。

5. According to the final paragraph, what should a reader do when a second source cannot confirm a claim?

   1. Assume the claim is false.
   2. Treat the claim as an inference until it is proven.
   3. Ask a different AI model instead.
   4. Ignore the claim completely.
   答えを見る

   正解：B．Treat the claim as an inference until it is proven.

   最終段落が示す具体的な行動指針。「まちがいだと決めつける」(A)でも「無視する」(D)でもなく、「証明されるまでは推論として扱う」という留保つきの態度を勧めている。

Summary Writing

Summarize the passage in 60–70 words.

Your Turn

Some people say AI-generated summaries should always include a label showing which sentences are facts and which are inferences. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Write your opinion in English, using 120–150 words.

最初の1文で賛成・反対を明示する。理由は2つ、それぞれに具体例を添える。反対意見にも軽く触れてから自分の立場に戻ると（譲歩→反論）、説得力が上がる。

使える型

• I agree with this opinion for two reasons.
• First, ... Second, ...
• One possible objection to this is that ..., but ...
• For these reasons, I believe that ...